Evolution of attacking patterns in elite-level soccer between 1982 and 2010: the application of lag sequential analysis

Abstract

Broadcast footage of UEFA European and FIFA World Cups were used to assess the evolution of attacking patterns of play between 1982 and 2010. SoccerEye observation and recording instruments were used to gather data from 45 matches, which yielded 6791 attacks and 73463 multi- events. A lag sequential analysis was carried out using SDIS-GSEQ software, enabling us to study changes in the attacking dynamics that have resulted in goals over the last three decades. Goals were scored in the central zone of the offensive sector in one-to-one situations between the attacking player and goalkeeper. The attacking team also had more players in the centre of play than the opposing team when the goals were scored. Over time, offensive patterns resulting in a goal by elite teams have shifted from individual tactics such as dribbling and running with the ball in the central strip of the pitch toward team-based tactics, such as short passes and crosses along the wings. Understanding how the tactical dynamics of play by elite championship teams has changed over time will enable coaches to develop training exercises that are more likely to promote individual and team success.